| 
KEY FINDINGS
Endemic Families
It is not surprising to find that family endemism follows a similar pattern to the distribution of genera in hotspots. At this higher level, the distantly isolated hotspots like Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Polynesia-Micronesia, and the Caribbean Islands stand out in particular. The exceptional nature of Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands, with a total of 23 endemic families (8 plant families, 15 endemic vertebrate families), cannot be overemphasized. New Zealand and the Chilean Winter Rainfall-Valdivian Forests are a distant second, with seven endemic families each.Numbers of plant, mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, and freshwater fish families endemic to each of the 34 hotspots
| Atlantic Forest |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0
|
| California Floristic Province |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Cape Floristic Region |
5
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Caribbean Islands |
1
|
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Caucasus |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Cerrado |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Chilean Winter Rainfall - Valdivian Forests |
3
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2
|
| Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| East Melanesian Islands |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Eastern Afromontane |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Guinean Forests of West Africa |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Himalaya |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Horn of Africa |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Indo - Burma |
?
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Irano - Anatolian |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Japan |
3
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
8
|
6 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
2
|
| Madrean Pine - Oak Woodlands |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Maputaland - Pondoland - Albany |
1
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Mediterranean Basin |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Mesoamerica |
3
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1
|
| Mountains of Central Asia |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Mountains of Southwest China |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| New Caledonia |
5
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| New Zealand |
1
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0
|
| Philippines |
?
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Polynesia - Micronesia |
1
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Southwest Australia |
4
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Succulent Karoo |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Sundaland |
1
|
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0
|
| Tropical Andes |
1
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Tumbes - Choc |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Wallacea |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Western Ghats and Sri Lanka |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0
|
| Atlantic Forest |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0
|
| California Floristic Province |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Cape Floristic Region |
5
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Caribbean Islands |
1
|
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Caucasus |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Cerrado |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Chilean Winter Rainfall - Valdivian Forests |
3
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2
|
| Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| East Melanesian Islands |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Eastern Afromontane |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Guinean Forests of West Africa |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Himalaya |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Horn of Africa |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Indo - Burma |
?
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Irano - Anatolian |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Japan |
3
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
8
|
6 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
2
|
| Madrean Pine - Oak Woodlands |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Maputaland - Pondoland - Albany |
1
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Mediterranean Basin |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Mesoamerica |
3
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1
|
| Mountains of Central Asia |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Mountains of Southwest China |
2
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| New Caledonia |
5
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| New Zealand |
1
|
1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0
|
| Philippines |
?
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Polynesia - Micronesia |
1
|
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Southwest Australia |
4
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Succulent Karoo |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Sundaland |
1
|
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0
|
| Tropical Andes |
1
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Tumbes - Choc |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0
|
| Wallacea |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1
|
| Western Ghats and Sri Lanka |
?
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0
|
? indicates insufficient information
|
|