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HOTSPOTS IN PERIL
Critically Endangered and Extinct Species
Overall, 59 percent of the Critically Endangered mammals in the world are endemic to the hotspots, along with 78 percent of Critically Endangered bird species and no less than 85 percent of Critically Endangered amphibian species. Some hotspots have particularly large numbers of Critically Endangered species; among amphibians, for example, the Tropical Andes leads the pack with some 103 endemic Critically Endangered species, followed by Mesoamerica with 85, Caribbean Islands with 63 and Western Ghats and Sri Lanka with 21. Moreover, a look at the Extinct species that once occurred in hotspots depicts a far worse picture, as some of the hotspots have already begun to lose species at a rapid rate. The island hotspots have suffered the greatest losses: Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands, Polynesia-Micronesia, and the Caribbean Islands have been among the worse affected. Most of the extinctions have been among birds, but amphibians have also experienced numerous extinctions, many of them recent.Numbers of Critically Endangered and Extinct mammal, bird, and amphibian species occurring in and endemic to each of the 34 individual hotspots
| Atlantic Forest |
7 |
5 |
0 |
15 |
11 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
| California Floristic Province |
2 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Cape Floristic Region |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
| Caribbean Islands |
2 |
2 |
19 |
11 |
10 |
13 |
63 |
63 |
0 |
| Caucasus |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Cerrado |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Chilean Winter Rainfall - Valdivian Forests |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
5 |
0 |
| Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| East Melanesian Islands |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Eastern Afromontane |
6 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
| Guinean Forests of West Africa |
6 |
6 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
11 |
9 |
0 |
| Himalaya |
3 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Horn of Africa |
5 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Indo - Burma |
12 |
9 |
1 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Irano - Anatolian |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Japan |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
12 |
12 |
3 |
12 |
12 |
32 |
9 |
9 |
0 |
| Madrean Pine - Oak Woodlands |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
32 |
18 |
0 |
| Maputaland - Pondoland - Albany |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Mediterranean Basin |
3 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Mesoamerica |
5 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
95 |
85 |
3 |
| Mountains of Central Asia |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mountains of Southwest China |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
| New Caledonia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| New Zealand |
0 |
0 |
2 |
7 |
7 |
20 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Philippines |
7 |
7 |
2 |
11 |
11 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Polynesia - Micronesia |
4 |
4 |
2 |
22 |
22 |
40 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Southwest Australia |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Succulent Karoo |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Sundaland |
14 |
12 |
2 |
9 |
7 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
| Tropical Andes |
6 |
3 |
0 |
15 |
14 |
0 |
115 |
103 |
2 |
| Tumbes - Choc |
2 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
2 |
7 |
1 |
0 |
| Wallacea |
1 |
1 |
3 |
7 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Western Ghats and Sri Lanka |
3 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
21 |
20 |
| Atlantic Forest |
7 |
5 |
0 |
15 |
11 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
| California Floristic Province |
2 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Cape Floristic Region |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
| Caribbean Islands |
2 |
2 |
19 |
11 |
10 |
13 |
63 |
63 |
0 |
| Caucasus |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Cerrado |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
4 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Chilean Winter Rainfall - Valdivian Forests |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
5 |
0 |
| Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| East Melanesian Islands |
4 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Eastern Afromontane |
6 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
| Guinean Forests of West Africa |
6 |
6 |
0 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
11 |
9 |
0 |
| Himalaya |
3 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Horn of Africa |
5 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Indo - Burma |
12 |
9 |
1 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Irano - Anatolian |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Japan |
3 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
| Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands |
12 |
12 |
3 |
12 |
12 |
32 |
9 |
9 |
0 |
| Madrean Pine - Oak Woodlands |
3 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
32 |
18 |
0 |
| Maputaland - Pondoland - Albany |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Mediterranean Basin |
3 |
1 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Mesoamerica |
5 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
95 |
85 |
3 |
| Mountains of Central Asia |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Mountains of Southwest China |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
0 |
| New Caledonia |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| New Zealand |
0 |
0 |
2 |
7 |
7 |
20 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Philippines |
7 |
7 |
2 |
11 |
11 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Polynesia - Micronesia |
4 |
4 |
2 |
22 |
22 |
40 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Southwest Australia |
1 |
1 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
| Succulent Karoo |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Sundaland |
14 |
12 |
2 |
9 |
7 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
| Tropical Andes |
6 |
3 |
0 |
15 |
14 |
0 |
115 |
103 |
2 |
| Tumbes - Choc |
2 |
1 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
2 |
7 |
1 |
0 |
| Wallacea |
1 |
1 |
3 |
7 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Western Ghats and Sri Lanka |
3 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
21 |
21 |
20 |
* Extinct refers to relatively recently extinct species (since 1500), as listed on the IUCN Red List. Note that reptiles have not yet been globally assessed, and hence figures for reptiles are not given here.
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